Background and Objective: Successful organizations in the modern era have understood the need to pay attention to human resources as an important resource for achieving sustainable competitive advantages and stable presence in international markets. The present study was conducted with the aim of identifying the antecedents and consequences of cascading failures based on human resource characteristics in oil and gas holding companies in Erbil, Iraq.
Research Methodology: In terms of purpose, this study is considered a mixed research with a mixed qualitative and quantitative approach; the statistical population in this study included expert managers and professors in the field of human resources in Iran and Erbil who were selected through snowball sampling; the required data were collected using an interview tool and through a semi-structured interview based on the principle of theoretical adequacy and analyzed using open, axial and selective coding methods. The validity and reliability of the interview were also confirmed using the criteria of credibility, reliability, confirmability and transferability. In the quantitative part of the research, a fuzzy Delphi approach was used to prioritize and determine . validity and reliability of the fuzzy Delphi questionnaire were confirmed using content validity and retesting, and finally the prioritization of the antecedents and consequences of the research was determined. Main findings: It showed that the priorities in the area of ​​antecedents are, respectively: weakness in teamwork and participation-oriented culture, decreased organizational commitment, and a feeling of indifference towards collective success. The priorities in the area of ​​consequences were identified as fragile dependencies, the organization entering a state of inertia and decision-making stagnation, risky decisions, being in a cycle of recurring crises, inefficient use of systems, increased systemic errors in organizational processes and increased accidents and safety disorders in the organization, intensification of the scope and severity of organizational crises, chronic stress,