تاثیر بهره‌برداری از منابع طبیعی و مصرف انرژی‌های تجدیدناپذیر بر کیفیت محیط زیست

کارگر دهبیدی, نوید; واعظ جوادی, فاطمه

تاثیر بهره‌برداری از منابع طبیعی و مصرف انرژی‌های تجدیدناپذیر بر کیفیت محیط زیست

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

¹ دانش آموخته دکتری اقتصاد کشاورزی (نویسنده مسئول)

² دکتری زمین شناسی- عضو هیئت علمی دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

بهره‌مندی از محیط‌ زیست مطلوب، از اهدافِ سند چشم‌انداز بیست‌ساله جمهوری اسلامی ایران است که دستیابی به آن، در گروِ کاهش آلودگی‌های ناشی از بهره‌برداری از منابع طبیعی به‌ویژه ذخایر انرژی‌ تجدیدناپذیرِ نفت و گاز است. در نوشتار پیش‌رو، تأثیر بهره‌برداری از منابع طبیعی و انرژی‌های تجدیدناپذیر بر کیفیت محیط‌ زیستِ ایران مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. با درک صحیحی از میزان اثرگذاری فوق، می‌توان به ضرورتِ تدوین برنامه‌های توسعه در جهت تحققِ راهبردِ زیست‌محیطی نظام مبتنی بر «احیاء، بهسازی و توسعه‌ی منابع طبیعی تجدیدپذیر» پی‌برد که در پژوهش فعلی به این مهم پرداخته شد. داده‌های موردنیازِ تحقیق شاملِ انتشار گاز دی‌اکسید کربن، درآمد سرانه، انرژی‌های تجدیدناپذیر، رانت منابع طبیعی، تراکم جمعیت و امید به زندگی از شاخص‌های توسعه انسانی در بانک جهانی گردآوری شد. روش آماریِ مورد استفاده، بهره‌مندی از رویکرد اقتصادسنجی داده‌های ترکیبی است. نتایج نشان داد که بهره‌برداری از منابع طبیعی با نرخ فعلی تأثیر مخرب و معنی‌داری بر انتشار آلودگی دارد. همچنین مصرف انرژی‌های تجدیدناپذیر نقش بسیار بالایی در افزایش انتشار آلودگی به‌جا می‌گذارد. افزون بر این، نتایج نشان داد که با تراکم بیشتر در واحد سطح به سبب برخورداری از صرفه‏‌های حاصل از مقیاس می‌توان کارایی مصرف منابع مولد آلودگی را افزایش داد که در نهایت به تاثیری قابل ملاحظه در کاهش سرانه گاز CO₂ منجر می‌شود. در نهایت، نتایج موید آن است که یک رابطه N شکل معنادار میان درآمد سرانه و انتشار آلودگی وجود دارد. نتایج این پژوهش با ایجاد بینشِ صحیح از وضعیت فعلیِ منابع، تسهیل در آینده‌پژوهی و برنامه‌ریزی صحیح و مبتنی بر واقعیاتِ حوزه محیط‌زیست می‌تواند در تدوین برنامه‌های بلندمدتِ حفاظت از منابع طبیعیِ کشور مؤثر واقع شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

20.1001.1.30605865.1402.1.2.3.6

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effects of Natural Resource Extraction and Non-Renewable Energy Consumption on Environmental Quality

نویسندگان [English]

Navid Kargar Dehbidi ¹
Fatemh Waez Javadi ²

¹ PhD graduate in agricultural economics (corresponding author)

² PhD in Geology - Faculty member of Tehran University

چکیده [English]

The goal of the Islamic Republic of Iran’s 20-year vision plan is a favorable environment, the achievement of which depends on the reduction of pollution from the exploitation of natural resources, especially the non-renewable energy reserves of oil and gas. In this research, the effects of natural resource extraction and non-renewable energy consumption on environmental quality were evaluated. With a correct understanding of the above impact, one can understand the necessity of developing development plans to realize Iran's environmental strategy based on the restoration, improvement, and development of renewable natural resources, which was addressed in the current research. In this regard, the required data such as carbon dioxide emissions, per capita income, non-renewable energies, rent of natural resources, population density, and life expectancy were extracted from human development indicators in the World Bank. The working method is to benefit from the econometric approach of panel data. The results showed that the exploitation of natural resources at the current rate has a positive and significant effect on the spread of pollution. Also, the consumption of non-renewable energy plays a very high role in increasing the emission of pollution. The results also showed that the increase in population density and, consequently, the economies of scale, could lead to increased efficiency of consumption of contaminating sources and eventually lead to a significant reduction in CO2 per capita. Finally, the results showed that there is a significant N-shaped relationship between GDP per capita and pollution emissions. This research can help to create a correct insight into the current state of resources, facilitate future research and correct planning based on the facts of the environment, and the results can be effective in formulating long-term environmental protection plans.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Natural Resources
Pollution Emission
Non-Renewable Energy
Population Density
Environmental Quality

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