عوامل موثر بر شناسایی فرصت‌های کارآفرینانه: مرور سیستماتیک

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد، گروه کسب‌وکار، دانشکده کارآفرینی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

2 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه کارآفرینی فناورانه، دانشکده کارآفرینی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

3 دکتری مدیریت بازرگانی، گروه مدیریت بازرگانی، دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

اقتصاد برخی از کشورها بر لزوم افزایش کارآفرینی برای بهره‌برداری از فرصت‌های محیطی تاکید دارد. هدف این پژوهش، مروری سیستماتیک بر مبانی نظری شناسایی فرصت‌های کارافرینانه است تا درک جامعی از آن ارائه دهد. این پژوهش به روش فراترکیب و مرور سیستماتیک انجام شده است. در ابتدا، با مطالعه ادبیات و پیشینه پژوهش، به درک صحیحی از موضوع پژوهش دست یافتیم. در ادامه، با انتخاب پایگاه نمایه ساز مقالات معتبر اسکوپوس و همچنین انتخاب کلیدواژگان برای جستجو در بخش عنوان، چکیده و کلیدواژگان مقالات، 40 مقاله معتبر انتخاب و تحلیل شدند. از روش کدگذاری جهت ترکیب و سازمان‌دهی استفاده شد و در نهایت چارچوب مفهومی بدست آمد که شامل ابعاد درونی و بیرونی است. مهمترین یافته این است که روش خاص و مشخصی برای شناسایی فرصت‌های کارآفرینی وجود ندارد و مفهوم شناسایی فرصت‌های کارآفرینی تحت تاثیر عوامل درونی و بیرونی کارآفرینی است. عامل درونی، همان کارآفرین است که از 4 عنصر تشکیل شده است: 1) رفتار کارآفرینی، 2) شخصیت کارآفرینی، 3) دانش و تجربه کارآفرینی و 4)فرایند شناختی کارآفرینی. عوامل بیرونی تاثیرگذار بر رواج کارآفرینی شامل محیط کارآفرینی (اعم از حمایت دولت، پیچیدگی محیطی، منابع و شبکه‌های ارتباطی) و ویژگی‌های کارآفرینی (مانند جنسیت، سن، تحصیلات و فرهنگ) است. بنابراین، عوامل بیرونی می‌توانند تسهیلگر یا مانع بوجود آمدن اکوسیستم کارآفرینی شوند و شناسایی فرصت‌ها نیز تحت تاثیر وجود این اکوسیستم است. خودکارآمدی، هوشیاری، دانش، تجربیات، آموزش، منابع و ارتباطات مهمترین موضوعات موکد در شناسایی فرصت‌ها و خلق راه‌حل‌های نوآورانه بهره‌برداری کارآفرینانه است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Factors affecting the Entrepreneurial Opportunity Identification: A Systematic Review

نویسندگان [English]

  • Jahangir Yadollahi Farsi, 1
  • Mohammad Hamid Mollaei 2
  • Fatemeh Zargaran Khouzani 3
1 Professor, Department of Business, Faculty of Entrepreneurship, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
2 Phd student, Department of Technological Entrepreneurship, Faculty of Entrepreneurship, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. mollaei.hamid@ut.ac.ir
3 Phd, Department of Management, Faculty of Management, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Some countries' economies emphasize the need to increase entrepreneurship in order to exploit environmental opportunities. The aim of this study is to conduct a systematic review of the theoretical foundations of entrepreneurial opportunity identification, in order to provide a comprehensive understanding of the subject. This research was carried out using a meta-synthesis and systematic review approach. Initially, through a review of the literature and previous studies, we developed a clear understanding of the research topic. Then, by selecting the Scopus and defining keywords for searching within the title, abstract, and keywords sections, 40 reputable articles were selected and analyzed. Coding methods were used for synthesizing and organizing the data, resulting in a conceptual framework consisting of internal and external dimensions. The main finding is that there is no single specific method for identifying entrepreneurial opportunities. The concept of opportunity identification is influenced by both internal and external entrepreneurial factors. The internal factor is the entrepreneur, composed of four elements: 1) Entrepreneurial behavior, 2) Entrepreneurial personality, 3) Entrepreneurial knowledge and experience,, 4) Entrepreneurial cognitive processes. The external factors influencing the promotion of entrepreneurship include the entrepreneurial environment (such as government support, environmental complexity, resources, and communication networks) and entrepreneurial characteristics (such as gender, age, education, and culture). Therefore, external factors can either facilitate or hinder the emergence of an entrepreneurial ecosystem, and the identification of opportunities is also affected by the presence of such an ecosystem.
Self-efficacy, alertness, knowledge, experiences, training, resources, and networks are the most emphasized elements in identifying opportunities and creating innovative solutions for entrepreneurial exploitation.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Opportunity identification
  • entrepreneurial opportunities
  • systematic review
  • entrepreneurial characteristics
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  • تاریخ دریافت: 23 آذر 1403
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 23 اسفند 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 01 فروردین 1404
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار: 01 فروردین 1404
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 فروردین 1404